Only five fully recognised nation-states do not currently have a de jure or official primary language:
- UK see here
- Australia: Over 80% of people speak English, but there is no official national language.
- Eritrea: Tigrinya, Arabic, and English are the working languages.
- Mexico: The vast majority speak Spanish, but it is not the official language. This aims to protect minority languages.
Arguably, Argentina could be added to this list. Spanish is the language used in all official interactions, but it has not been legally declared the official language.
Pakistan did not have an official language until 2015. The USA did not have one until August 2025: see here
Listening activity for upper intermediate – FCE, IELTS, etc. With worksheet & answers. English language level B2
Before Listening
Listening activity – listen once & answer the questions below.
- Which country did not have an official language until 2025?
- Which country now has Urdu as an official language?
- In which two of these countries is English the majority language?.
Download and complete this worksheet
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